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By the end of the 16th century, Saltbox houses were very common in England. The English colonists built their early settlements in New England, along the Atlantic coastline quite near the ocean. Their Saltbox homes had a short steep front roof, while the rear, usually facing the ocean,featured a much steeper and longer roof as protection from the strong winds off the sea. By the beginning of the 18th century, the Eastern Seaboard had been colonized for about 75 years, and American architecture entered a new phase. While the less affluent built Capes and Saltboxes, Georgian architecture emerged as the style of the monied and leisure class. The architecture of these three styles shared certain characteristics. They were constructed with one and a half stories without any dormers. While the very first windows in colonial homes, were casement and opened out, they were replaced by double-hung rectangular windows with combinations of 6, 8, 9, or 12 lights of glass in the sash. These windows were usually installed singly or in pairs. The Georgian style, in many respects, was again derived from Englsih architecture and strongly resembled English Country Estates of the period. Like owners of those English Estates, the more affluent Americans began paying attention to the grounds around their homes. In keeping with the status of these lavish homes, formal gardens were planted in the English style. These Georgian homes dominated the architecture of the wealthy and of public buildings as well, for almost all of the 18th century. In homes of the more affluent, we also found imported furniture and furnishings from Europe and the Orient. Where high-style pieces were unavailable, Americans decorated their homes with furniture and furnishings in the vernacular style.
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