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The term Southwestern style encompasses buildings which are all finished in stucco and include Hispanic Adobe, Pueblo Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Mediterranean and Spanish Mission. The oldest style of houses built in the American Southwest were the Pueblo Revival styled homes which used projecting, exposed log roof rafters, called vigars, to support the roof. These homes, and Hispanic Adobe houses, are now viewed as representative of an architectural style unique to Southwestern America. Although not as old as Pueblo homes, during the early settlement period from about 1850 to 1880, Hispanic Adobe houses were usually built in remote regions where more conventional building materials were in short supply. What was plentiful, was the clay which was virtually underfoot wherever one looked. From this clay, settlers fashioned adobe bricks, which became the essential building block for almost all homes they constructed. The adobe bricks didn't even require kiln firing, they were simply formed and left to dry in the sun. The Spanish Colonial period flourished during the 1800s in the western territories of America, particularly throughout California. In those years, Spanish missionaries bringing Christianity to the Native Americans, built houses of worship and living quarters for the priests, in Adobe style, creating compounds throughout the American West, commonly referred to as "The Missions." That style was easily recognized by its simplicity; smooth stucco walls, devoid of ornamentation; and a tile roof with overhanging eaves and exposed rafters. Begun as vernacular, through a variety of historical circumstances, Spanish Mission merged with the Prairie School, then growing in popularity in the Midwest. It finally emerged at the close of the 19th century, and rapidly spread east,where it was known as Mission. The impact of Colonial Revival and Mediterranean on Mission, was to add additional elements to the plain facade, ultimately resulting in contemporary Southwestern architecture.
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